The Auto-ID Trajectory - Acronyms
Acronyms and Abbreviations
2G Second Generation
3G Third Generation
4G Fourth Generation
AA Aluminium Association
AATA American Air Transport Association
ABA American Banking Association
ABC American Blood Commission
ABS Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrol (see smart cards)
ADC Automatic Data Capture
ADFA Australian Defence Force Academy
ADS * see ADSX
ADSX Applied Digital Solutions
AfB Association for Biometrics
AFDC Aid to Families with Dependent Children
AFIM Automated Fingerprint Recognition Machine
AFIS Automated Fingerprint Identification System (see NAFIS also)
AFIRM Automated Fingerprint Image Reporting and Match
AFMA American Furniture Manufacturers Association
AFPA Australian Federal Police Association
AGV Automated Guided Vehicles
AHMA American Hardware Manufacturers Association
AI Application Identifier (bar code standards)
AI Artificial Intelligence
AIAG Automotive Industry Action Group
AIDC Automatic Identification and Data Collection
AIM Advanced Informatics Medicine (in the Europe)
AIM Automatic Identification Manufacturers (in auto-ID)
ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
AMD Aged Macular Degeneration
AMEX American Express
ANA Article Numbering Association
ANSI American National Standards Institute
APA American Pet Association
APACS Association of Payment and Clearing Services
API Application Programming Interface (see standards)
API Automatic Personal Identification (see auto-ID)
API American Paper Institute (bar code industry association)
APRIL Army Personnel Rationalisation Individual Listings (in Britain)
APSCF Asia Pacific Smart Card Forum
AR Augmented Reality
ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency (see ARPANET also)
ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency Network
ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASK Amplitude Shift Keying
ASR Artificial Silicon Retina
ATA Air Transport Authority (see IATA also)
ATA American Trucking Association
ATM Automatic Teller Machine
AVID American Veterinary Identification Devices
AVIS Automotive Vehicle Identification System
Auto-ID Automatic Identification
BACS Bankers Automated Clearing Services (in U.K.)
BART Bay Area Rapid Transport (in San Francisco)
BCC Border Crossing Card (in U.S./ Mexico)
BCD Binary Coded Decimal
BCI Brain Computer Interaction
BHSUG Biometrics in Human Service User Group
BIOTEST Biometric Testing Services
bit binary digit
bpi Bits per Inch
BS Base Station
BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
BSI British Standards Institute
BT British Telecom
BWG Bar Width Growth
C2G Citizen-to-Government
CAD Computer-Aided Design
CAFE Conditional Access for Europe
CANPASS Canadian Passenger Accelerated Service System
CAO County Assistance Offices (in U.S.)
CATV Cable Television
CBA Canadian Bankers Association
CBD Central Business District
CBDC Commercial Biometrics Developer’s Consortium
CBEFF Common Biometric Exchange File Format
CCD Charge-Coupled Device
CCMIS Chip Card-based Medical Information System
CCTV Closed Circuit Television
CD Cash Dispensers
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CDSA Common Data Security Architecture
CEC Chip Electronic Commerce
CEN Comité Européen de Normalisation
CENELEC European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation
CEPS Common Electronic Purse Specifications
CEPT Conférence Européene de Postes et Télécommunications
CFIP Code of Fair Information Practice
ch. chapter
CHIPS Clearinghouse Interbank Payment System
CIBC Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce
CITeR Centre for Identification Technology Research
CITI Centre for Information Technology Integration
CJIS Criminal Justice Information Services
COS Card Operating System
CPR Central Population Register
CPU Central Processing Unit
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CRM Customer Relationship Management
CRP Central Register of Persons (Denmark)
CS Composite Symbology
CTO Chief Technology Officer
CVM Centre for Veterinary Medicine
DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DCC Distribution Code Centre
DCS Digital Communication Services (also Digital Cellular System)
DECT Digital European Cordless Telephone
DERA Defence Evaluation Research Agency (in UK)
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DNI Documento Nacional de Identidad (Argentina)
DOD Department of Defence
dpi dots per inch
DPSS Department of Public Social Services
DSD Direct Store Delivery
DSS Department of Social Services (in U.S.)
DTE Data Terminal Equipment
DTR Data Transfer Rate
E-cash Electronic Cash
E-commerce Electronic Commerce
EAN European Article Number
EAS Electronic Article Surveillance
EBT Electronic Benefits Transfer
EC Electronic Commerce
ECA Electronic Commerce Association
EDI Electronic Data Interchange
EDP Electronic Data Processing
EEG Electroencephalogram
EEPROM Electrical Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
EER Equal Error Rate
EFT Electronic Funds Transfer (see EFTPOS also)
EFTS Electronic Funds Transfer Systems
EFTPOS Electronic Funds Transfer at the Point of Sale
EIA Electronics Industry Association
EIN Event Identification Number (Peru)
ELP Evaluated List of Products
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EMV Europay, MasterCard, and Visa
ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer
EPC Electronic Product Code
EPS Electronic Payment System
ERMS Electronic Management System (in Britain)
ERP Enterprise Resource Planning (in manufacturing)
ERP Electronic Road Pricing (in Singapore)
ESP Extra Sensory Perception
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETTS European Transport & Telematics Systems
EU European Union
FACT Federation of Automated Coding Technologies
FAQ Frequently Asked Questions
FAR False Accept Error Rate
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation
FCC Federal Communications Commission (in U.S.)
FDA Food and Drug Administration (in U.S.)
FedWire Federal Reserve System
FIN French Identification Number
FNMT Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre
FPA Flexible Packaging Association
FRAM Ferroelectric Random Access Memory
FREFLEX Force Reflecting Exoskeleton
FRR False Reject Error Rate
FSK Frequency Shift Keying
FSU Florida State University
ft footnote
FTC Financial Transaction Card
FTC Federal Trade Commission (see bar codes)
FTTC Fibre to the Curb
FTTN Fibre to the Neighbourhood
GA General Assistance
GAO General Accounting Office (in U.S.)
GCA Graphic Communications Association
GHz Gigahertz
GIN German Insurance Number
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GMA Grocery Manufacturers of America
GMS Generalised Matching Service (in U.K.)
GP General Practitioner
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GPS Global Positioning System
GR General Relief
GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
HA-API Human Authentication Application Programming Interface
HCI Human-Computer Interaction
Hex Hexadecimal
HIBCC Health Industry Business Communication Council
HIC Health Insurance Commission (in Australia)
hico High Coercivity
high-tech High Technology
HP Hewlett-Packard
HRS Human Recognition Services (in biometrics)
HRV Heart Rate Variability
HTML Hypertext Markup Language
IACT Information and Communication Technology
IAFIS Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System
IAI International Association for Identification
IATA International Air Transport Association
IBIA International Biometric Association
IBG International Biometric Group
IC Integrated Circuit
ICC Integrated Circuit Card (see IC also)
ICMA International Card Manufacturers Association
ICSA International Computer Security Association (in U.S.)
ID Identity; Identification
IDEA Identification Electronique des Animaux (in Europe)
iDTV Interactive Digital Television
IEC International Electronic Commission
IGSANS Integrated Global Surveillance And Navigation System
IMI Information Management Institute
IN Identification Number; Insurance Number
INCITS InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards
INS Immigration & Naturalisation Service (see INSPASS also)
INSPASS Immigration, Naturalisation Service Passenger Accelerated Service System
I/O Input/Output
IP Intellectual Property (in patents)
IP Internet Protocol
IPN Insured Persons Number (Switzerland)
IPRP Information Policy Research Program
IR Infrared
IRR Internal Rate of Return
IRS Internal Revenue Service
IS International Standard
IS Information System
ISBN International Standard Book Number
ISO International Standards Organisation
ISP Internet Service Provider
ISV Independent Software Vendor
IT Information Technology
ITL Information Technology Laboratory
IT&T Information Technology and Telecommunications
IVHS Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems
IVR Interactive Voice Response
JIT Just-in-Time
JTC Joint Technical Committee
kHz Kilohertz
LAN Local Area Network
LDC Lesser Developed Countries
LED Light Emitting Diode
LERTS Leicester Environmental Road Tolling Scheme
LIS Local Innovation Systems
loco Low Coercivity
LOGMARS Logistic Applications of Automated Marking and Reading Symbols
LoS line-of-sight
LT London Transit
m metres
MAPS Multimodal Access and Payment System (in transport)
MARC Multi-technology Automated Reader Card
MDC More Developed Countries
MEL MULTOS Executable Language
MEMA Motor & Equipment Manufacturing Association
MEMS Microelectromechanical Systems
MFC MultiFunction Card (IBM™)
mHz Megahertz
MICR Magnetic-Ink Character Recognition
MIQR Minimum Image Quality Requirements
MISC Magnetics and Information Science Centre
MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology
MLI Multiple Laser Image
mm Millimetres
MMS Multimedia Messaging Service
MPEG-3 Moving Picture Experts Group-3
MRT Mass Rapid Transport (in H.K.)
ms milliseconds
N-Geners Net Generation
NAB National Australia Bank
NAFIS National Automated Fingerprint Identification System (in U.K., see AFIS also)
NAO National Audit Office (in U.K.)
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
NC Numerically Controlled
NCP National ChipCard Platform (NCP)
NCS National Cash Service (in Japan)
NCSA National Computer Security Association
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturer’s Association
NETS Network for Electronic Transfer
NGN Next Generation Networks
NIC Newly Industrialised Countries
NIH National Institute of Health (in the U.S.)
NIN National Identification Number (in U.K.)
NIS National Innovation Systems
NOPA National Office Products Association
NPV Net Present Value
NRI National Registry Incorporated
NSA National Security Agency
OCR Optical Character Recognition
ODETTE Organisation for Data Exchange by Tele Transmission in Europe
Oe Oersted
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturers
OPCC Optical Product Code Council
OS Operating System
OTP One-Time Programmable
PAM Pulse Amplitude Modulation
PAN Personal Area Network
PAN Primary Account Number (in magnetic-stripe cards)
PARIS Pennsylvania Automated Recipient Identification System
PBS Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (in Australia)
PC Personal Computer
PC Polycarbonate (see smart cards)
PCM Pulse Coded Modulation
PCMCIA PC Memory Card Industry Association
PCN Personal Communications Network
PCR Polymarase Chain Reaction (in silicon)
PCS Personal Communications Services
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PDF Portable Data File
PERS Personal Emergency Response System
PET Polyethylene Terephthalate (see smart cards)
PIC Personal Identification Code (Finland)
PID/SS Personal ID for Social Services
PIN Personal Identification Number
PIT Passive Integrated Transponder (see Biomark)
PITO Police Information Technology Organisation (in U.K.)
PKI Public-key Infrastructure
PLC Programmable Controllers
PLD Personal Location Device (for microchip implants)
PN Person Number (Norway, Sweden)
PNN Police National Network (in U.K.)
PORTPASS Port Passenger Accelerated Service System
POS Point of Sale (see EFTPOS also)
PR Public Relations
PSAM Purchase Secure Application Modules
PSK Phase Shift Keying
PTT Post Telephone and Telegraph
PVC Polyvinyl Chloride
PVV PIN Verification Value
PWM Pulse Width Modulation
QR Quick Response
R&D Research and Development
RAM Random Access Memory
RAS Remote Access Server
RF Radio Frequency
RF/DC Radio Frequency Data Communication
RFI Request for Information (in tender process, see also RFP)
RFI Radio Frequency Interference
RF/ID Radio Frequency Identification (also known as RFID)
RFP Request for Proposal
ROI Return on Investment
ROM Read Only Memory
RP Retinitis Pigmentosa
RSI Repetitive Strain Injury
RSS Reduced Space Symbology
RTA Roads and Traffic Authority (in Australia)
RTLS Real-Time Locating System (see WhereNet)
RUN Rol Unico Nacional (in Chile)
SAN Social Account Number (in Austria)
SARS Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
SC Smart Card
SC Sub-committee
SCF Smart Card Forum
SCIA Smart Card Industry Association
sci-fi Science Fiction
SCM Supply Chain Management
SDK Software Development Kit
SEIS Secured Electronic Information in Society
SEMP Sociedad Espanola de Medios de Pago
SER Substitution Error Rate
SET Secure Electronic Transaction
SIBS Sociedade Interbancaria de Servicos
SI Systems of Innovation
SIA Security Industry Association (in U.S.)
SIB Sociedade Interbancaria de Servicos
SIM Subscriber Identity Module (see UIM also)
SIN Single Identifying Number
SIP Session Initiation Protocol
SIS Sectoral Innovation Systems
SMS Short Message Service
SP Service Provider
SRD Short Range Devices (in RF/ID)
SSA Social Security Administration (in U.S.)
SSCC Serialised Shipping Container Code
SSN Social Security Number (in U.S.)
SST Social Shaping of Technology
STAC Symbol Technical Advisory Committee
SUI Standard Universal Identifier
SVAPI Speaker Verification Application Programming Interface
SVC Stored Value Card
SWIFT Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications
TA Technology Assessment
TAB Tape Automated Bonding (see smart cards)
TAFE Tertiary And Further Education
TAPA Terminal Architecture for PSAM Applications (see PSAM also)
TASS Tarjeta de la Seguridad Social Espanola (in Spain)
TC Technical Committee
TDI Teledensity Index
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TFN Tax File Number (in Australia)
TIN Taxpayer Identification Number (in U.S.)
TIRIS Texas Instruments' Registration & Identification System
TS Technological Systems
U-M University of Michigan Card
UCC Uniform Code Council (see also UPCC)
UCC Uniform Commercial Code (in U.S. legal)
UEPS Universal Electronic Payment System
UGPCC Uniform Grocery Product Code Council
UID Universal Identifiers
UIM User Identity Module (see SIM also)
UIN Universal Identification Number
UIS Unique Identification System
ULI Unique Lifetime Identifier; Universal Lifetime Identifier
UMI Universal Multipurpose Identifier
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
UPC Universal Personal Communications (see UPT)
UPC Universal Product Code
UPCC Universal Product Code Council
UPI Unique Personal Identifier
UPIM Uniform Personal Identification Mark
UPN Universal Personal Number
UPT Universal Personal Telecommunications (known as UPC also)
V Volts
VAR Value-added Reseller
VAS Value-added Services
VGA Video Graphics Adaptor
VICS Voluntary Inter-Industry Communications Standards
VOD Video-on-Demand
VPN Virtual Private Network
VR Virtual Reality
VWPP Visa Waiver Pilot Program (in biometrics)
WISE Wireless and Internet Infrastructure Software Environment (see Xmarc)
WMATA Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority
WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network
WWII World War Two
WWW World Wide Web
dded Reseller
VAS Value-added Services
VGA Video Graphics Adaptor
VICS Voluntary Inter-Industry Communications Standards
VOD Video-on-Demand
VPN Virtual Private Network
VR Virtual Reality
VWPP Visa Waiver Pilot Program (in biometrics)
WISE Wireless and Internet Infrastructure Software Environment (see Xmarc)
WMATA Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority
WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network
WWII World War Two
WWW World Wide Web